
{"id":1559114,"date":"2025-09-22T18:15:13","date_gmt":"2025-09-22T18:15:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.halocollar.com\/blog\/?p=1559114"},"modified":"2025-10-29T09:44:50","modified_gmt":"2025-10-29T09:44:50","slug":"fireplace-safety-dogs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/halo.onitdigital.com\/blog\/dog-safety\/fireplace-safety-dogs\/","title":{"rendered":"Fireplace Safety For Dogs: Top Tips to Prevent Burn Injuries"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The soft crackle of burning wood, the gentle glow of dancing flames, and a dog curled up contentedly nearby\u2014it\u2019s the perfect winter evening scene. But this cozy tableau can quickly turn dangerous without proper precautions. Each winter, veterinary clinics see a 300% increase in burn-related injuries among pets during the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.halocollar.com\/blog\/dog-health\/tips-for-cold-weather-canine-care\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">coldest months<\/a> of the year.<\/p>\n<p>The good news? With strategic planning and consistent training, boundaries can be created to keep dogs safe while still enjoying the ambiance and warmth a fireplace provides.<\/p>\n<div>\n<div class=\"collar-callout basic\">\n<div>Shop Halo Collar 5<\/div>\n<div><a href=\"\/shop-wireless-dog-fence\/\">Shop Now<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How Can You Dog-Proof Your Fireplace Area?<\/h2>\n<p><img width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1559808\" src=\"https:\/\/www.halocollar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/dalmatian-relaxing-dog-bed-fireplace-holidays.jpg\" alt=\"A dalmatian relaxing on a plush dog bed near a fireplace with holiday decorations.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.halocollar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/dalmatian-relaxing-dog-bed-fireplace-holidays.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.halocollar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/dalmatian-relaxing-dog-bed-fireplace-holidays-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.halocollar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/dalmatian-relaxing-dog-bed-fireplace-holidays-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Dogs are naturally drawn to the warmth of fireplaces. That instinctive desire for comfort leads many curious canines too close to hot surfaces, open flames, and popping embers. Unlike humans, dogs don\u2019t understand that the glass front of a fireplace can reach several hundred degrees or that a wagging tail near flames poses a serious hazard.<\/p>\n<p>Creating effective barriers between dogs and the fireplace is the cornerstone of fireplace safety. Explore the most effective methods to establish this crucial boundary.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Effective Barrier Options<\/h3>\n<p>Installing a sturdy physical barrier is a critical defense. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nfpa.org\/news-blogs-and-articles\/blogs\/2023\/03\/09\/do-cats-cause-home-fires-and-if-so-how-often\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Fire Protection Association<\/a> reports that nearly 1,000 home fires each year are accidentally started by pets, making proper barriers essential, not optional.<\/p>\n<p>Glass fireplace doors provide excellent protection while allowing enjoyment of the fire\u2019s warmth. These heat-resistant barriers prevent paws from reaching flames while containing sparks and embers. Ensure glass doors are properly sized and rated for the fireplace type.<\/p>\n<p>Mesh fireplace screens offer another solid option for traditional open hearths. Position screens at least 3 feet from the fireplace opening to create a safety zone. Many screens come in decorative designs that complement d\u00e9cor while serving their protective purpose.<\/p>\n<p>For families with determined dogs or rambunctious puppies, extra-wide <a href=\"https:\/\/www.halocollar.com\/blog\/dog-safety\/tips-for-setting-up-temporary-fencing-for-dogs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pet gates<\/a> that encircle the entire hearth area provide maximum protection. These freestanding barriers create a perimeter keeping dogs at a safe distance from both the fire and hot surfaces.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Strategic Room Arrangement<\/h3>\n<p>Beyond physical barriers, living space arrangement plays a crucial role in fireplace safety. Position dog beds and favorite resting spots at least 6 feet from the fireplace. This adjustment helps establish a mental boundary for pets.<\/p>\n<p>Keep all flammable items\u2014<a href=\"https:\/\/www.halocollar.com\/blog\/dog-health\/the-best-puppy-teething-toys\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dog toys<\/a>, blankets, beds, and paper\u2014away from the hearth. Wagging tails can knock items closer to the fire, so maintain generous clearance even for secure objects.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Maintenance and Supervision<\/h3>\n<p>Regular fireplace maintenance contributes significantly to dog safety. Clean ashes and embers promptly, as these can remain hot long after the fire appears extinguished. Dogs may investigate these areas and suffer burns hours later.<\/p>\n<p>For homes with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.halocollar.com\/blog\/dog-training\/indoor-exercise-ideas-for-dogs-keep-your-dog-active-in-the-cold\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">high-energy dogs<\/a> or puppies still learning boundaries, consider blocking off the room during active fires. Though it may seem inconvenient, the peace of mind is worth the temporary change.<\/p>\n<p>Never leave dogs unattended in a room with an active fire, even with barriers. Dogs can be persistent when curious, and what looks secure may not withstand determined investigation.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How Dog Training Improves Fireplace Safety and Prevents Hazards<\/h2>\n<p><img width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1559674\" src=\"https:\/\/www.halocollar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/5-2.jpg\" alt=\"Celebrating Thanksgiving Safely and Joyfully With Your Dog\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.halocollar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/5-2.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.halocollar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/5-2-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.halocollar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/5-2-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>When winter arrives and fireplaces become central to home comfort, establishing proper boundaries between dogs and the potential dangers of flames becomes crucial. In countless cases, proper training has prevented painful burns and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.halocollar.com\/blog\/dog-safety\/top-5-reasons-to-seriously-consider-pet-insurance\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">emergency vet<\/a> visits during colder months.<\/p>\n<p>Training dogs to respect fireplace boundaries is the most effective preventative measure against accidental burns and injuries. According to pet insurance providers, there is a 300% increase in burn-related claims during winter months from May to August, underscoring the importance of consistent training around heat sources.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Establishing Clear Boundaries<\/h3>\n<p>Creating physical and psychological boundaries enhances fireplace safety. Using masking tape to create a visual line on the floor several feet from the hearth helps dogs understand where the \u201cdanger zone\u201d begins, making boundary training more effective.<\/p>\n<p>Verbal commands are the backbone of successful boundary training. Use consistent, firm commands like \u201cback,\u201d \u201caway,\u201d or \u201cplace\u201d when dogs approach the established boundary.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Positive Reinforcement Techniques<\/h3>\n<p>Dogs respond well to reward-based training methods for fireplace safety. Instead of scolding when they approach the fire, redirect them to their designated safe spot and reward correct behavior with treats, affection, or praise.<\/p>\n<p>Designate a comfortable dog bed at a safe distance from the fireplace as an alternative warm spot that doesn\u2019t pose burn risks. Train dogs to see this as their special place when the fireplace is in use, reinforcing this behavior with treats and praise each time they choose this spot voluntarily.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Special Considerations for Puppies<\/h3>\n<p>Puppies require extra vigilance around fireplaces as their curiosity hasn\u2019t been tempered by experience. Begin boundary training early, using gentle correction combined with praise when they maintain a safe distance. Consistency during these formative months establishes lifelong safety habits.<\/p>\n<p>For energetic dogs who love to play, establish a household rule prohibiting roughhousing in the room containing the fireplace. Even well-trained dogs can forget boundaries during play, potentially causing them to tumble into dangerous areas. This simple rule reduces accident risks.<\/p>\n<p>Despite thorough training, never leave dogs unsupervised around an active fireplace. Even the best-trained dogs can test boundaries when seeking warmth on particularly cold days. Proper supervision remains essential for complete fireplace safety.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What are the Most Common Fireplace Risks for Dogs?<\/h2>\n<p>Dogs\u2019 natural curiosity can put them in harm\u2019s way around fireplaces. While a cozy hearth creates the perfect winter atmosphere, it presents several serious hazards every dog owner needs to understand. Dogs, unlike humans, don\u2019t recognize the dangers associated with fire and hot surfaces, making prevention essential.<\/p>\n<p>Pet insurance providers report a dramatic 300% increase in burn-related claims during winter months. This statistic isn\u2019t surprising considering how many homes combine active fireplaces with curious dogs. Most injuries happen in a split second when supervision lapses or preventative measures aren\u2019t in place.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Primary Fireplace Dangers for Dogs<\/h3>\n<p>Dogs face numerous risks around active fireplaces, with these being the most common and dangerous:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Direct burns from flames<\/strong> \u2013 A playful dog jumping or running near a fireplace can accidentally make contact with open flames.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Contact burns from hot surfaces<\/strong> \u2013 Even brief contact with glass doors or metal accessories can cause painful injuries.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Flying embers and sparks<\/strong> \u2013 Hot embers can pop out unexpectedly, landing on your dog\u2019s fur or bedding.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Knocked-over fireplace tools<\/strong> \u2013 Dogs can bump into pokers, tongs, and other sharp or heavy implements.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Toy accidents<\/strong> \u2013 Dogs might accidentally drop or throw toys into the fire, then attempt to retrieve them.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ash and soot ingestion<\/strong> \u2013 Curious dogs may investigate and accidentally consume harmful fireplace residue.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Overheating<\/strong> \u2013 Dogs can experience dehydration and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.halocollar.com\/blog\/dog-safety\/how-long-can-a-dog-stay-in-the-heat-dog-dehydration-advice\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">heat stroke<\/a> if they lie too close to intense heat for extended periods.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A Labrador puppy, Cooper, once dashed across the living room during playtime, brushing against a glass fireplace door. The yelp was heartbreaking, requiring immediate veterinary attention for the burn. Like many energetic dogs, Cooper didn\u2019t register the fireplace as dangerous in his excitement.<\/p>\n<p>Consider your dog. Does it regularly curl up near the hearth? Have you noticed it investigating the fireplace when it\u2019s not in use? These behaviors signal risk when the fireplace is active.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Injury<\/th>\n<th>Description<\/th>\n<th>Severity Level<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Corneal Burns<\/td>\n<td>Burns to the eyes caused by heat or irritants in smoke<\/td>\n<td>Moderate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Smoke Inhalation<\/td>\n<td>Breathing in smoke can cause airway damage and carbon monoxide toxicity<\/td>\n<td>Severe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Burns from Flames<\/td>\n<td>Direct contact with flames resulting in skin burns<\/td>\n<td>Severe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Contact Burns<\/td>\n<td>Burns from contact with hot surfaces, like glass doors<\/td>\n<td>Moderate to Severe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Flying Embers<\/td>\n<td>Injury from embers landing on fur or bedding<\/td>\n<td>Moderate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ash and Soot Ingestion<\/td>\n<td>Consuming harmful residues from fireplace<\/td>\n<td>Mild<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Overheating<\/td>\n<td>Heat stroke from staying too close to the fire<\/td>\n<td>Severe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Understanding Your Dog\u2019s Vulnerability<\/h3>\n<p>Certain dogs face greater fireplace risks than others. Puppies, with their <a href=\"https:\/\/www.halocollar.com\/blog\/dog-health\/the-power-of-play-how-playing-can-improve-your-puppy&#039;s-mental-and-physical-health\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">boundless energy<\/a> and lack of experience, top the vulnerability list. Similarly, breeds with longer fur or feathered tails have more flammable surface area that can catch fire from a stray ember. Dogs with impaired mobility or vision might accidentally get too close without realizing the danger until it\u2019s too late.<\/p>\n<p>The most concerning aspect of fireplace injuries is that they often happen during normal household activities\u2014when the family is relaxing and guard might be down. A dog chasing a toy, jumping to greet a visitor, or simply seeking warmth can quickly turn into a vet emergency if proper precautions aren\u2019t in place around the fireplace.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Extra Steps Make Fireplace Time Safer for All Dogs?<\/h2>\n<p><img width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1559806\" src=\"https:\/\/www.halocollar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/border-collie-fireplace-cozy-room.jpeg\" alt=\"Border collie sitting obediently near a lit fireplace, gazing attentively at its owner in a cozy living room.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.halocollar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/border-collie-fireplace-cozy-room.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.halocollar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/border-collie-fireplace-cozy-room-300x169.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.halocollar.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/border-collie-fireplace-cozy-room-768x432.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>A warm, crackling fireplace creates the perfect winter atmosphere, but it requires extra vigilance when dogs are in the home. While flames may look inviting to a curious dog, they present several hidden dangers that responsible pet owners need to address. Beyond basic precautions, additional safety measures can transform fireplace time from a potential hazard into a secure, enjoyable experience for the entire family.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Never Skip Supervision<\/h3>\n<p>The most important safety measure is constant supervision. Never leave a dog unattended around an active fireplace, regardless of their typical behavior. Even the most obedient dogs can be unpredictable when curious or seeking warmth. During the winter months of 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/vcahospitals.com\/know-your-pet\/common-emergencies-in-dogs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">veterinary emergency visits<\/a> for burn-related injuries increased by 17% compared to summer months, with many incidents occurring during brief moments when pets were left alone near heat sources.<\/p>\n<p>This supervision becomes even more critical during gatherings when visitors might not understand safety protocols or during high-energy activities with children. In these situations, designate someone to keep watch over the dog, ensuring a safe distance from the fire is maintained.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Create Clear Boundaries<\/h3>\n<p>Training a dog to respect boundaries around the fireplace is essential for their safety. Establish a designated zone where the dog knows they should remain while the fire is active. For younger or particularly curious dogs, consider using a sturdy pet gate to create a physical barrier that allows them to enjoy the warmth without getting too close to potential dangers.<\/p>\n<p>When using a wood-burning fireplace, consider installing a robust glass door or metal screen to prevent embers from popping out unexpectedly. Even protective barriers can become extremely hot, so maintaining distance remains important for dog fireplace safety.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Secure Fireplace Tools and Accessories<\/h3>\n<p>Fireplace tools pose their own set of risks to curious dogs. Pokers, tongs, and brushes should be stored in stable stands where they can\u2019t be knocked over during enthusiastic play. Keep matches, lighters, starter logs, and fire accelerants secure and out of the dog\u2019s reach, as these items can be toxic if chewed or ingested.<\/p>\n<p>Dogs are often drawn to soft objects near heat sources. Keep blankets, dog beds, and toys at a safe distance from the hearth to avoid encouraging the pet to settle in a potentially dangerous spot. A fire-resistant pet bed positioned at a safe distance offers a cozy alternative that satisfies their desire for warmth without risk.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Maintain a Clutter-Free Zone<\/h3>\n<p>The area surrounding the fireplace should remain clear of objects that could become fire hazards. Dogs can accidentally knock items too close to the fire, creating unexpected dangers. This means keeping the hearth free of decorations, especially during holidays when festive items might dangle temptingly from the mantel.<\/p>\n<p>Pay special attention to dog toys, which can easily end up near the fireplace during play. Teach the dog to keep their toys in designated areas away from the fire, and regularly check the hearth area to ensure nothing flammable has been inadvertently moved there.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Regular Maintenance Checks<\/h3>\n<p>Before fireplace season begins, schedule a professional inspection of the chimney and fireplace system. Blockages, cracks, or other structural issues can lead to smoke backflow or carbon monoxide buildup, presenting serious health risks to both humans and dogs.<\/p>\n<p>Test smoke and carbon monoxide detectors monthly, and replace batteries twice yearly. These devices provide crucial early warnings that can save lives, especially since dogs may react to dangerous situations before human senses detect a problem.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Be Prepared for Emergencies<\/h3>\n<p>Keep a working fire extinguisher within easy reach of the fireplace, and ensure everyone in the household knows how to use it correctly. The <a href=\"http:\/\/www.osha.gov\/etools\/evacuation-plans-procedures\/emergency-standards\/portable-extinguishers\/use\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PASS method<\/a> provides a simple way to remember proper extinguisher use:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>P<\/strong>ull the pin<\/li>\n<li><strong>A<\/strong>im low at the base of the fire<\/li>\n<li><strong>S<\/strong>Squeeze the lever<\/li>\n<li><strong>S<\/strong>Sweep from side to side<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Have a veterinarian\u2019s contact information and the address of the nearest emergency vet clinic readily available in case of accidents. Quick action can make a significant difference in the outcome of burn injuries or smoke inhalation.<\/p>\n<p>With these precautions in place, fireplace time can become a cozy family ritual that a dog can safely enjoy. Habits established now create a foundation for safety throughout the winter. Before the first fire of the season, review these safety measures with your family, creating a shared understanding of how to keep dogs secure while enjoying the warmth and ambiance of the fireplace.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fireplace Safety for Dogs: Creating a Cozy and Secure Home<\/h2>\n<p>Ensuring winter evenings by the fireplace are safe for dogs involves creating smart boundaries, thoughtful arrangement, and ongoing supervision. By combining barriers, training, and clear routines, pet owners ensure dogs enjoy warmth and comfort without risk.<\/p>\n<p>For those <a href=\"https:\/\/www.halocollar.com\/shop-wireless-dog-fence\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reinforcing these boundaries<\/a>, solutions like the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.halocollar.com\/shop-wireless-dog-fence\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Halo Collar<\/a> provide effective guidance and activity tracking indoors\u2014helping dogs learn safe spots to settle, regardless of the fire\u2019s presence. Embracing these steps turns the living room into a haven where everyone, including dogs, enjoys the ambiance with peace of mind.<\/p>\n<p>For more advice on pet protection year-round, visit the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.halocollar.com\/blog\/dog-safety\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dog Safety page<\/a> for guidance on keeping your dog happy and secure.<\/p>\n<div>\n<div class=\"collar-callout basic\">\n<div>Shop Halo Collar 5<\/div>\n<div><a href=\"\/shop-wireless-dog-fence\/\">Shop Now<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The soft crackle of burning wood, the gentle glow of dancing flames, and a dog curled up contentedly nearby\u2014it\u2019s the perfect winter evening scene. But this cozy tableau can quickly turn dangerous without proper precautions. Each winter, veterinary clinics see a 300% increase in burn-related injuries among pets during the coldest months of the year. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1559809,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1559114","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dog-safety"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/halo.onitdigital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1559114","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/halo.onitdigital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/halo.onitdigital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/halo.onitdigital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/halo.onitdigital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1559114"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/halo.onitdigital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1559114\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1561062,"href":"https:\/\/halo.onitdigital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1559114\/revisions\/1561062"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/halo.onitdigital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1559809"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/halo.onitdigital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1559114"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/halo.onitdigital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1559114"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/halo.onitdigital.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1559114"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}